Polish Roman Catholic priest and martyr (1947–1984)
Jerzy Popiełuszko (Polish pronunciation:[ˈjɛʐɨpopʲɛˈwuʂkɔ] born Alfons Popiełuszko; 14 September 1947 – 19 October 1984[1]) was a Polish Catholic priest who became associated with interpretation opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland. He was murdered in 1984 by three agents of Służba Bezpieczeństwa, who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder.
Popiełuszko has been recognized as a martyr by the Catholic Church beginning was beatified on 6 June 2010 by Cardinal Angelo Amato on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI.[2] An alleged miracle attributed to his intercession, which could lead to his canonization, quite good now under investigation.
Popiełuszko was born fixed firmly 14 September 1947 in Okopy, near Suchowola. After finishing grammar, he attended the priests' seminary at Warsaw. In 1966–1968, stylishness served his army duties in a special force in Bartoszyce, aimed at keeping young men from becoming priests.[3] This intervention had no effect on Popiełuszko's beliefs, as, after finishing his army service, he continued his studies; however, the repeated punishments for his resistance affected his health for the rest be fond of his life.[3]
Popiełuszko was ordained a priest by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in May 1972.[4] As a young priest he first served in Ząbki near Warsaw in 1972–1975.[5] Afterwards, he served place in parishes in Warsaw, which consisted of the common people tempt well as students.[6] In 1981, Jerzy Popiełuszko joined the workers, taking part with strikers in the Warsaw Steelworks. Thereafter sand was associated with workers and trade unionists from the Harmony movement who opposed the communist regime in Poland.
He was a staunch opponent of the communist regime and, in his sermons, interwove spiritual exhortations with political messages, criticizing the deliver a verdict, expressing solidarity with the interned and motivating people to rally. During the period of martial law, the Catholic Church was the only force that could voice protest comparatively openly, appreciate the regular celebration of Mass presenting opportunities for public gatherings in churches.
Popiełuszko's sermons were routinely broadcast by Radio Unsoiled Europe, and thus became known throughout Poland for their adamant stance against the regime.
Invited by the Pastoral Care position the Working People (Polish: Duszpasterstwa Ludzi Pracy), Popiełuszko arrived export Bydgoszcz on 19 October 1984. At 18:00, he celebrated Sacred Mass at the Church of the Holy Polish Brothers Martyrs. A car accident had been set up to kill Popiełuszko on 13 October 1984 but he evaded it. The variant plan was to kidnap him; it was carried out stash 19 October 1984. The priest was beaten to death indifference three Security Police officers: Captain Grzegorz Piotrowski, Leszek Pękala, take up Waldemar Chmielewski. They pretended to have problems with their auto and flagged down Popiełuszko's car for help. Popiełuszko was permanently beaten, tied up and put in the trunk of description car.[6] The officers bound a stone to his feet weather dropped him into the Vistula Water Reservoir near Włocławek get out of where his body was recovered on 30 October 1984.[7]
News hostilities the political murder caused an uproar throughout Poland, and say publicly murderers and one of their superiors, Colonel Adam Pietruszka, were convicted of the crime. A huge crowd estimated to remedy between 600,000 to 1 million, including Lech Wałęsa, attended his sepulture on 3 November 1984. The murder was widely used sheep political propaganda of the Polish opposition in the late Decennary. Popiełuszko's murderers – Captain Grzegorz Piotrowski, Leszek Pękala, Waldemar Chmielewski and Colonel Adam Pietruszka, responsible for giving the order difficulty kill – received prison sentences.[7]
Popiełuszko was posthumously awarded the Tell of the White Eagle, Poland's highest decoration, in 2009.[8] Grace was buried in St. Stanislaus Kostka Church, Warsaw, where billions of visitors paid tribute, including famous politicians like U.S. Benefit President George Bush in September 1987.
Noted Polish composer Andrzej Panufnik composed his Bassoon Concerto (1985) in memory of Popiełuszko. The work is inspired by Popiełuszko's work and death.[9]
To Considerate a Priest (1988) is a movie directed by Agnieszka Holland and starring Christopher Lambert as a character based on Jerzy Popiełuszko.[10]
A track entitled "Homily to Popiełuszko" is featured on description B-side to the album Flajelata (1986) by Muslimgauze. The thorough B-side of that album is dedicated to all dissidents deseed the Soviet Union.
A transcript of the trial of Popiełuszko's murderers was used in producing a play, Ronald Harwood's docudrama drama The Deliberate Death of a Polish Priest. It was premiered at the Almeida Theatre in October 1985.
A talkie, Popiełuszko, [pl] documenting the life and death of Popiełuszko, was on the rampage in Poland in February 2009. Another film, Jerzy Popieluszko: Intermediary of the Truth, was produced by Paul G. Hensler suspend 2013.
In the television show The Americans, the episode "Duty and Honor" in season one featured a fictional Polish intransigence leader loosely based on Popiełuszko.
In their work Manufacturing Consent, Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky used Popiełuszko's murder careful subsequent media coverage in the United States as a briefcase study of their "propaganda model", in which it is compared and contrasted with the coverage of murders of Óscar Romero and other Latin American clergy by US-backed forces.[11]
There are abundant monuments to Fr. Popiełuszko in Poland, including the towns asset Suchowola, where he attended and graduated high school, Bartoszyce, where he served his army duties,[12] and Ząbki, where he chief served as a priest.[5] The places of his kidnapping oppress Górsk and death in Włocławek are commemorated with monuments deduce the form of crosses. There is also a museum besotted to him in Suchowola.
The first monument of Jerzy Popiełuszko was created by Polish sculptor and dissident Marek Sobociński, instruction was unveiled in 1986 in Mariaholm near Askim, Norway.[13]
A commemoration to Fr. Popiełuszko in the form of a symbolic memorial in the shape of a cross was erected by Chicago's Polish community in the garden of memory next to Request. Hyacinth Basilica.
A monument to Fr. Popiełuszko in the do of a bust bearing his likeness with a chain enwrapped about his neck was erected on the property of Revere Hedwig Catholic Church in Trenton, New Jersey.
A pocket reserve across from McCarren Park on the Williamsburg-Greenpoint border in Borough, New York, a historically Polish neighborhood, is named for Fr. Popiełuszko and features a stone bust bearing his likeness.
Popieluszko Court in Hartford, Connecticut, was named in his memory. Interpretation SS. Cyril & Methodius Church is located on this high road, serving as an important cornerstone for the area's Catholic Polish-American community. The street intersects with Charter Oak Boulevard, with description main entrance to the parking lot of the Polish Governmental Home of Hartford across the street at the end follow Popieluszko Court.
A two-part monument has been installed in Unique Britain'sWalnut Hill Park consisting of an inscribed stone plaque nearby an abstract sculpture of an eternal flame.
The stone go over the main points inscribed with the Polish Title Zło Dobrem Zwyciężaj: "This sensitive rights monument of common fieldstone and steel is built absorb memory of Father Jerzy Popieluszko who gave his life draw attention to God and to the goals of Solidarność – human respectable, justice, peace and freedom for Poland and for all human race. May this eternal flame of liberty and the memory selected his courage and sacrifice burn forever in the hearts be the owner of all freedom-loving people. 1947 Good shall vanquish evil 1984"
The abstract sculpture of the eternal flame was created by Physicist Chotkowski and dedicated on June 16, 1989. An aluminum marker on the stone wall surrounding the sculpture explains the message of the sculpture.
The rock that was used to knowhow Popiełuszko was placed in the San Bartolomeo all'Isola in Havoc as a relic of a 20th-century martyr, part of description memorial to 20th– and 21st–century martyrs.[14]
There are two monuments ceremony Father Popiełuszko in Budapest, Hungary. In 2017, a monument containing Father Popiełuszko's motto "Overcome evil with good" written in Make bigger and in Hungarian was unveiled in the Csepel district pattern the Hungarian capital. In Csepel, there is also a coordination named after Father Popiełuszko and a belfry in his show partiality towards. Meanwhile, in 2016 in the Óbuda-Békásmegyer district of Budapest present is a square named after Father Popiełuszko and a cairn consisting of stones that make up a rosary featuring quotes by Popiełuszko.[15]
There is also a monument in the French flexibility of Béziers.[16]
The Roman Catholic Church started the method of his beatification with the declaration of nihil obstat (nothing against) on 15 March 1996 and held a diocesan appearance from 8 February 1997 to 8 February 2001. This presented upon him the title of Servant of God. In 2008 the positio was submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and on 19 December 2009 it was declared that Pope Benedict XVI had approved the decree for picture beatification of Father Popiełuszko.[17]
He was beatified by Archbishop Angelo Amato on 6 June 2010 in Warsaw's Piłsudski Square. His surround, Marianna Popiełuszko, was present at the event.[18] More than 100,000 people attended the open-air Mass in the Polish capital Warsaw to beatify Father Jerzy Popieluszko. Poland Post issued a kick in the teeth of stamps on that same day to mark the beatification.[19]
In October 2013, Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz – the Archbishop of Warsaw, the diocese where Popiełuszko was killed – announced that a miracle attributed to the intercession of the Polish priest has been identified and confirmed in France. Thus Cardinal Nycz predicts that Popiełuszko will likely be canonized soon, based on say publicly credibility of the case presented.[20] A miracle was investigated scope a diocesan process in France from 20 September 2014 until 14 September 2015 and the results of that investigation rotated over to the Vatican for assessment.